At what age should orthodontic care be initiated? Adult and children both can benefit from orthodontic care. Children can see an Orthodontist as early as 8 years old for an evaluation to determine future consideration for Orthodontic care and guidance. What causes orthodontic problems? Malocclusion or "crooked teeth" are grouped in two categories: 1) intrinsic (hereditary) and 2) extrinsic (acquired) factors. Examples of intrinsic factors are size and shape of teeth, jaw shapes, congenitally, missing teeth, and misplaced teeth upon eruption. Extrinsic factors are: accidents or trauma, early loss or late retention of baby teeth, habits such as finger or thumb sucking and proper swallowing or tongue thrusting. Treatment of Malocclusion: what is needed and procedures to follow: The initial exam or first visit is when the Orthodontist determines when a patient is ready for treatment. Active cases are started with pre-treatment records that consist of: study models, x-rays of all the teeth and skull, photographs of the teeth and the face. This information will help the Orthodontist in determining the best treatment plan for each patient. Typically, a custom treatment plan is completed and Informed Consent Agreement is signed before the placement of braces. Patients will be seen every month until the braces are removed and a set of retainers are given to the patient. Most orthodontic cases are completed within 24 months; however, with severe orthodontic problems surgery could be recommended with braces. What types of braces are available? Today braces are less noticeable than those of the past. Brackets either metal or ceramic (clear), are bonded directly to the surfaces of the teeth and with the use of "space age" wires the teeth are moved gently with constant pressure to achieve uniform tooth movements and a beautiful smile.